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tudies of optimum load carriage of soldiers after prolonged stay 本工作旨在通过高原室内模拟行军试验初步提出海拔3700m高原单兵适宜负重量。受试者为移居海拔3700m高原汉族战士共12人,平均体重56.8kg,在跑台上进行模拟行军试验,速度为4.0、4.5和5.0km/h,负重量为体重的0、14、21、28、35和42%。每人参加3个速度6个负重量模拟行军试验。每次行军30min,测定通气量(VE),氧耗量(Vo_2),氧脉搏(Vo_2/HR),血乳酸含量和劳累感程度。结果表明,在4.0、4.5和5.0km/h条件下,85%受试者不出现很累感的负重量界限分别为24.0,20.0~24.和16.0~20.0kg之间;VE出现非线性增加(下称拐点)的负重量界限分别为20.0~24.0,16.0~20.0和12.0~16.0kg之间;HR出现拐点变化的负重量界限分别为16.0~20.0、16.0~20.0和12.0~16.0kg之间;血乳酸出现明显蓄积的负重量界限为12.0~16.0kg之间,综上结果,初步提出:在海拔3700m高原行军速度为4.0、4.5和5.0km/h条件下的适宜负重量分别为20.5、18.0和15... 本工作旨在通过高原室内模拟行军试验初步提出海拔3700m高原单兵适宜负重量。受试者为移居海拔3700m高原汉族战士共12人,平均体重56.8kg,在跑台上进行模拟行军试验,速度为4.0、4.5和5.0km/h,负重量为体重的0、14、21、28、35和42%。每人参加3个速度6个负重量模拟行军试验。每次行军30min,测定通气量(VE),氧耗量(Vo_2),氧脉搏(Vo_2/HR),血乳酸含量和劳累感程度。结果表明,在4.0、4.5和5.0km/h条件下,85%受试者不出现很累感的负重量界限分别为24.0,20.0~24.和16.0~20.0kg之间;VE出现非线性增加(下称拐点)的负重量界限分别为20.0~24.0,16.0~20.0和12.0~16.0kg之间;HR出现拐点变化的负重量界限分别为16.0~20.0、16.0~20.0和12.0~16.0kg之间;血乳酸出现明显蓄积的负重量界限为12.0~16.0kg之间,综上结果,初步提出:在海拔3700m高原行军速度为4.0、4.5和5.0km/h条件下的适宜负重量分别为20.5、18.0和15.0kg。这一适宜负重量尚有待高原室外试验验证。 The hot-stress of loading soldiers march on summer Gobi desert has been evaluated using the heart rate,the quantity of great, anug-temperature, average temperature, commprehensive, anug-stress index, hormon level, nervous fatigue and some psychological parameters as objectives. The result indicated that loading march on summer Gobi desert was a intense stress stimulus to soldiers,which was very remarkable during the first two days coming to the Gobi desert. Meanwhile the physiological safe comprehensive hot-stress... The hot-stress of loading soldiers march on summer Gobi desert has been evaluated using the heart rate,the quantity of great, anug-temperature, average temperature, commprehensive, anug-stress index, hormon level, nervous fatigue and some psychological parameters as objectives. The result indicated that loading march on summer Gobi desert was a intense stress stimulus to soldiers,which was very remarkable during the first two days coming to the Gobi desert. Meanwhile the physiological safe comprehensive hot-stress in 3. 40 of loaring pilot was refered to. Evaluate the extent of the hot-stress,but it was intenger during the first two days than during the laterdays. Four days marching,hot-stress trended the gentle drop with the gradual formation of hot-adoptation. 用心率、出汗量、肛温、平均体温、综合热应激指数、激素水平、神经疲劳及某些情感指标评价了夏季戈壁负荷行军时人员热应激反应。结果表明,夏季戈壁负荷行军对人员是一种强烈的应激刺激,初进入戈壁行军,前两天反应尤其明显。参考文献进行热应激程度评定,结果表明,4天行军均属轻度热应激,但以前两天较强。行军4天,随着热适应过程的逐步形成,应激反应趋于平缓下降。 Application of toxic substances as a weapon began in the Spring-Autumn Period.In 677 B.C.the people of Sui dropped poisons into water to expel army from Qi State.During the period of cold weapon in addition to toxic fumigation,poisons were also spread on spears,swords and arrows.Recipes for anti-toxic arrows were recorded in Chen Yanzhi's Xiao-pin-fang of the Western Jin Dynasty.Liu Juan-zi's Gui-Yi-fang of the Liu-Song Dynasty,Jin-chuang-mi-chuan-jin-fin-fang of the Yuan Dynasty.As a rule.toxication through... Application of toxic substances as a weapon began in the Spring-Autumn Period.In 677 B.C.the people of Sui dropped poisons into water to expel army from Qi State.During the period of cold weapon in addition to toxic fumigation,poisons were also spread on spears,swords and arrows.Recipes for anti-toxic arrows were recorded in Chen Yanzhi's Xiao-pin-fang of the Western Jin Dynasty.Liu Juan-zi's Gui-Yi-fang of the Liu-Song Dynasty,Jin-chuang-mi-chuan-jin-fin-fang of the Yuan Dynasty.As a rule.toxication through natural sources were emphasized as described in Tai-bai-yin-jing of the Tang Dynasty,etc,including selection of camping sites,quality of water supply.It was also mentioned that the general of an army should despatch order for antitoxicity during travelling. 我国使用毒物作为武器的记载,始于春秋战国时代,如公元前677年遂人投药于水中以逐齐军。在冷兵器时代,除用毒烟以防敌突城穿穴外,还将毒物涂敷在刀矛剑戟及箭头上。如西晋陈延之《小品方》、刘宋《刘涓子鬼遗方》及元《金疮秘传禁方》均载有治箭毒方。对自然界的毒害一直为兵家所重视。唐《太白阴经》、宋《虎钤经》及《武经总要》等均注意营地的选择、水土的美恶、水源的清洁及改善等,并提出行军近敌地,大将应发出防毒号令。
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